IEC/PAS 61162-101-2003 海上导航和无线电通信设备及系统.数字接口.第101部分:单通话器和多受话器.IEC61162-1用的改进语句和要求

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下一篇: IEC/PAS 61162-102-2003 海上导航和无线电通信设备及系统.数字接口.第102部分:单通话器和多受话器.航海数据记录器用IEC61162-1的额外要求

【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforMinimumGeospatialDataforRepresentingCoalSpoilandRefuseFeatures
【原文标准名称】:煤矸石特征表示用最少地理空间数据的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD7629/D7629M-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Failuresassociatedwithcoalrefusestructureshaveresultedinlossoflife,destructionofproperty,andextensiveenvironmentaldamage.Notableexamplesincludethe1972failureofaslurryimpoundmentonBuffaloCreekinSouthernWestVirginiathatkilled125peopleandrenderedover4,000peoplehomeless.In2001,animpoundmentnearInez,Kentuckybrokethroughundergroundminepassages,releasingapproximately250milliongallonsofslurryintoadjacentwaterways,causingextensivedamagetopropertyandhabitatalong75milesofstreams.Surfacemininginsteepslopeareashascreatedthousandsofvalleyfills,buryinghundredsofmilesofephemeralandintermittentstreams.Scientificstudieshavesuggestedadditionalnegativeimpactsondownstreamaquatichabitatresultingfromthispractice.Federalregulationdoesnotprovideexplicitlyforcompilationofstandardizeddatabasesthatwouldfacilitatemonitoringandanalysisofminingactivityatregionalornationallevels.Thisstandardaddressestheneedforanationaldatabasewhichcanserveasastartingpointforinquiresandanalysisrelatedtothelocationsofminingfillstructures,theirrelativeabundance,andspatialpattern.Withinitsareaofexclusivejurisdiction,eachRAistheADSforcoalminingspatialdatathatitcreatesandusestoregulateminingactivity.ThisgeospatialdatastandardwillhelpensureuniformityofdatacontributedbyeachRAandassistorganizationsineffortstocreate,utilize,andsharegeospatialdatarelativetoSMCRAanditwillleadtobettercommunicationbetweenstate,tribal,andfederalregulatoryoffices,thepublic,andindustry.LimitationsofUse8212;Usesofthenationaldatasetarelimitedbyseveralfactorsaffectingtheaccuracy,currentness,andcompletenessofvariousdatasources.Completeness8212;ParticipationinthecompilationofspatialdataisnotuniformacrossRAs,whichmayaffectcompleteness,bothintermsofspatialdataandassociatedattributes.ForsomeRAs,thisstandardmaynotbeapplicablebecausefeaturesdescribedhereindonotoccurwithintheirareaofresponsibility.Currency8212;Sourcedataissubjecttochangeasaresultofregulatoryactionsthatmaychangethegeographicallocation,extent,orattributesofparticularfeatureswhichmaynotbereflectedinthenationaldataset.Ifdetailedinformationisneededforindividualfeatures,theappropriateRAshouldbecontactedforadditionalinformation.Datacompiledinaccordancewiththisstandardisnotintendedtobeusedasaprimarysourceforevaluatingriskorsafety.Datacompiledinaccordancewiththisstandardisintendedforinformativepurposes;itisnotauthoritative.Thedataisnotadirectproductofsurveyandhasnostandingasalegaldocument.ThisstandardconformstothedefinitionofaDataContentStandardaspromulgatedbytheU.S.FederalGeographicDataCommittee(FGDC)(SeeANSIINCITS61-1986(R2002),ANSIINCITS320-1998(R2003),andProject1574-D).1.1Thispracticedefinesasetofterms,procedures,anddataelementsrequiredtodevelopanationalspatialdatasetoffeaturesassociatedwithexcessspoilandrefusematerialsproducedbycoalminingoperations.Thesefeaturesincludeexcessspoilstructures,coalpreparationplants,andcoalrefusestructures.1.1.1ExcessSpoilStructures8212;arecreatedwhenthetotalspoilproducedduringminingexceedsthevolumeofmaterialthatcanbeutilizedforreclamation.Thisoccurrenceiscommoninsteepslopeareas,wherethefinalgradeofreclaimedslopesislimitedbystabilityrequirements.Italsooccur......
【中国标准分类号】:P70
【国际标准分类号】:73_020
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforDeterminationofFractureToughnessofAdvancedCeramicsatAmbientTemperature
【原文标准名称】:室温下高级陶瓷断裂韧性测定的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1421-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C28.01
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:advancedceramics;chevronnotch;fracturetoughness;precrackedbeam;surfacecrackinflexure;Advancedceramics;Ambienttemperature;Chevronnotchedspecimen;Cracking--ceramics;Flexuraltesting--ceramics;Fracturetesting--advancedceramics;Precrac
【摘要】:Fracturetoughness,KIc,isameasureoftheresistancetocrackextensioninabrittlematerial.Thesetestmethodsmaybeusedformaterialdevelopment,materialcomparison,qualityassessment,andcharacterization.Thepbandthevbfracturetoughnessvaluesprovideinformationonthefractureresistanceofadvancedceramicscontaininglargesharpcracks,whilethescfracturetoughnessvalueprovidesthisinformationforsmallcrackscomparableinsizetonaturalfracturesources.Cracksofdifferentsizesmaybeusedforthescmethod.IfthefracturetoughnessvaluesvaryasafunctionofthecracksizeitcanbeexpectedthatKIscwilldifferfromKIpbandKIvb.1.1Thesetestmethodscoverthefracturetoughness,KIc,determinationofadvancedceramicsatambienttemperature.ThemethodsdetermineKIpb(precrackedbeamtestspecimen),KIsc(surfacecrackinflexure),andKIvb(chevron-notchedbeamtestspecimen).Thefracturetoughnessvaluesaredeterminedusingbeamtestspecimenswithasharpcrack.Thecrackiseitherastraight-throughcrackformedviabridgeflexure(pb),orasemi-ellipticalsurfacecrackformedviaKnoopindentation(sc),oritisformedandpropagatedinachevronnotch(vb),asshowninFig.1.Note18212;Thetermsbend(ing)andflexurearesynonymousinthesetestmethods.1.2ThesetestmethodsareapplicabletomaterialswitheitherflatorwithrisingR-curves.Differencesintestprocedureandanalysismaycausethevaluesfromeachtestmethodtobedifferent.Formanymaterials,suchasthesiliconnitrideStandardReferenceMaterial2100,thethreemethodsgiveidenticalresultsatroomtemperatureinambientair.1.3Thefracturetoughnessvaluesforamaterialcanbefunctionsofenvironment,testrateandtemperature.Thesetestmethodsgivefracturetoughnessvaluesforspecificconditionsofenvironment,testrateandtemperature.1.4Thesetestmethodsareintendedprimarilyforusewithadvancedceramicswhicharemacroscopicallyhomogeneous.Certainwhisker-orparticle-reinforcedceramicsmayalsomeetthemacroscopicbehaviorassumptions.Singlecrystalsmayalsobetested.1.5Thisstandardbeginswithamainbodythatprovidesinformationonfracturetoughnesstestingingeneral.Itisfollowedbyannexesandappendiceswithspecificinformationfortheparticulartestmethods.MainBody
Section
Scope
1
ReferencedDocuments
2
Terminology(includingdefinitions,orientationandsymbols)
3
SummaryofTestMethods
4
SignificanceandUse
5
Interferences
6
Apparatus
7
TestSpecimenConfigurations,DimensionsandPreparations
8
GeneralProcedures